2  Orientation

2.1 Start with systems, not software

People often try to improve their research computing by swapping tools. A better first move is to define the system you are trying to build.

Your digital research lab has at least six layers:

  1. device and operating system
  2. shell, editor, and package managers
  3. files, folders, and naming rules
  4. notes, references, and task tracking
  5. code, data, and results
  6. backup, sync, retention, and publishing

If one layer is weak, the rest becomes harder. Powerful software cannot save a chaotic file structure. A good cloud platform cannot compensate for weak local habits. A beautiful note-taking app cannot rescue missing source data.

2.2 The base capabilities to build

Before choosing specialized tools, make sure your lab can do these things reliably:

  • create isolated project directories
  • install and update tools safely
  • record decisions and assumptions
  • version code and text
  • separate inputs from outputs
  • recover from device failure
  • move work between local and remote environments
  • onboard your future self quickly

2.3 Choose defaults that reduce cognitive load

Good defaults are more valuable than exotic customization. A research lab should reduce the number of daily choices you have to make. For example:

  • use one primary shell
  • use one primary editor
  • adopt one project template
  • use one note-capture path for rough ideas
  • define one place for active datasets
  • decide in advance what gets backed up, archived, or deleted

2.4 The first strategic question

Ask this before installing anything:

What kind of work must this lab support in the next year?

Common answers include:

  • writing and computational notebooks
  • data analysis and visualization
  • simulation or modeling
  • GIS and spatial data work
  • literature review and synthesis
  • publication and reporting
  • collaboration with teams or institutions

Your answer should shape the lab, but not overfit it. Build for the next year, not the next thirty days.